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No, there are no diseases. Unlike protein and fats, we do not need carbohydrate to flourish physically. Very little carbohydrate can lead to benign ketosis, loss of sodium ions(Na+), and protein breakdown. Carbohydrate is the body's primary source of glucose, which will be broken down and used as energy in cells. The glucose breakdown occurs in cells through various processes and cycles, such as Glycolysis and Krebs cycle.

When the body is getting little carbohydrates, cells will be lacking in glucose, and as a result, these processes and cycles will not be able to run to completion. Now, the cells need to find a way to produce energy without glucose.

Cell will start breaking down intermediate products (such as Acetyl CoA), producing acids, in order to make energy. This will result in acids, such as acetoacetic acid, being dumped into the blood. The rise in acid will drop the pH of the blood, and result in ketosis. Now, the body tries to compensate for this rise in pH by excreting out the acid, Na+ follow. So, when the kidneys end up excreting both the acid and Na+.

Another source of energy the body uses (only in emergencies), is protein. Protein can be broken down and be used to run the processes and cycles that glucose did.

The body's main source of proteins come from blood and muscles. As a result, someone who is extemely deficient in carbohydrate will have a breakdown of muscles (proteins) unless they are eating sufficient protein each day. Eating sufficient protein each day will not interfere with a low carbohydrate diet

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