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Neurons have several key physical parts: the cell body (soma), which contains the nucleus and organelles; dendrites, which are branching extensions that receive signals from other neurons; and the axon, a longer projection that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body. The axon may be covered by a myelin sheath, which insulates it and enhances the speed of signal transmission. At the end of the axon, synaptic terminals release neurotransmitters to communicate with neighboring neurons.

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1mo ago

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