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T cells (both CD4 "helper" and CD8 "cytotoxic" cells) are activated by antigen presenting cells (i.e. dendritic cells). This involves 3 different signals from the dendritic cell:
1. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) presents an antigen (foreign peptide) to the T cell
2. A co-stimulatory signal (checking that it is a "professional" antigen presenting cell) which is a B7 molecule binding to a CD28 on the T cell
3. Cytokines (signalling molecule)
It is this 3rd type of signal, the cytokines which is important in the creation of the different T cells (CD8, or cytotoxic T cells and CD4, helper T cells).
Dendritic cells are able to release different cytokines, which cause T cell differentiation.
CD4 cells are presented antigen by MHC class II, whereas CD8 cells are presented antigen by MHC I.
What else can I help you with?
What binds with and releases chemicals that activate B cell and T cell and and macrophages?
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells bind with antigens and present them to B cells, T cells, and macrophages, leading to their activation. This process is crucial for initiating immune responses against pathogens and foreign substances in the body.
What is the first step in the activation of naive B cell?
The first step in the activation of naive B cells is the binding of an antigen to the B cell receptor (BCR) on the surface of the B cell. This interaction leads to receptor clustering and internalization of the antigen-BCR complex, initiating a signaling cascade that promotes B cell activation. Additionally, for optimal activation, naive B cells often require help from T helper cells, which provide necessary co-stimulatory signals and cytokines.
What is meant by T cell priming?
T cell priming refers to the process by which naive T cells encounter antigen-presenting cells, receive signals, and become activated to mount an immune response against specific antigens. This activation is essential for T cells to differentiate into effector T cells capable of carrying out their immune functions.
Is T cell activation antigen specific?
Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.
Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of what?
Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of T cells, particularly CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, process and present antigens on their surface using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This interaction, along with co-stimulatory signals, initiates T cell activation, leading to proliferation and differentiation into effector cells. This process is crucial for the adaptive immune response against pathogens.
How can B cell mature into plasma cell?
The surface immunoglotulin that serves as the B-Cell antigen receptor (BCR) has two roles in B-cell activation. First, like the antigen receptor on T cells, it transmits signals directly to the cell's interior when it binds antigen. Second, the B-Cell antigen receptor delivers the antigen to intracellular sites where it is degraded and returned to the B-cell surface as peptides bound to MHC class II molecules.
What Treg cell that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes?
The Treg cell that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes is called the CD4+ regulatory T cell, specifically the FOXP3+ subset. These cells play a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune responses by suppressing the activation and proliferation of other immune cells, including B and T lymphocytes. They achieve this through various mechanisms, including the secretion of inhibitory cytokines and direct cell-to-cell contact.
What are the steps in cell mediated immune process?
Antigen presentation: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) process and present antigens to T cells. T cell activation: APCs activate T cells by binding to their T cell receptors and providing co-stimulatory signals. T cell proliferation and differentiation: Activated T cells undergo clonal expansion and differentiate into effector T cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells. Target cell destruction: Effector T cells recognize and kill infected or abnormal cells through various mechanisms, such as releasing cytotoxic molecules or activating other immune cells.
What is worse b cell lymphoma or t cell lymphoma?
t cell lymphoma
What is the first signal required for activation of a T cell?
The first signal required to activate a T cell is MHC(Major Histocompatibility Complex) presenting an antigen(foreign peptide) to the T cell receptor.
T cells and B cells activated only by what?
T cells are activated by antigens presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells. B cells are activated primarily by recognizing antigens with their B cell receptor, although they may also require T cell help for full activation.
What cell introduces epitopes to T cells?
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), primarily dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, introduce epitopes to T cells. They process and present peptide fragments of antigens on their surface using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This interaction is crucial for T cell activation, allowing them to recognize and respond to specific pathogens or infected cells. Dendritic cells are particularly effective at initiating T cell responses due to their ability to capture and present antigens in lymphoid tissues.
