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An insulin receptor is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of cells that binds insulin, a hormone that regulates glucose metabolism. Upon binding insulin, the receptor undergoes a conformational change that activates intracellular signaling pathways, promoting glucose uptake by cells and influencing various metabolic processes. This interaction is crucial for maintaining normal blood sugar levels and overall metabolic health. Dysregulation of insulin receptors can lead to conditions like insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes.
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What has the author Peter Shier written?
Peter Shier has written: 'Characterization of the gene encoding the insulin receptor-related receptor, IRR : a putative receptor for a member of the insulin family'
What does the acronym INSR stand for?
INSR is the acronym for Insulin Receptor. The insulin receptor watches over the action of insulin. INSR also stands for Insert, Input Shift Register and Integrated Nucleus of Sphygmomanometry Research.
State one way that the shape of the insulin receptor is related to its role in cell communication?
The shape of the insulin receptor allows it to bind specifically to insulin molecules, initiating a signaling cascade within the cell. This specificity ensures that only insulin can activate the receptor, regulating glucose uptake and metabolism in response to changes in insulin levels.
Which type of membrane protein attaches to specific hormones such as insulin?
The type of membrane protein that attaches to specific hormones such as insulin is a receptor protein. Receptor proteins are specialized proteins located on the cell membrane that recognize and bind to specific molecules such as hormones, triggering a cellular response. In the case of insulin, its receptor protein on the cell membrane binds to insulin, leading to cellular uptake of glucose and other metabolic responses.
Growth factor hormones such as insulin bind to which type of receptor?
tyrosine kinase receptor!!
What are the receptor sites for Leptin and Insulin?
are located in the same areas of the hypothalamus.
Is insulin cross blood brain barrier?
Insulin does crosses the blood brain barrier. Insulin crosses the blood brain barrier through the process of receptor-mediated transcytosis.
How do substances work by altering the ways cells function?
Like the receptors for other protein hormones, the receptor for insulin is embedded in the plasma membrane. The insulin receptor is composed of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits linked by disulfide bonds. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular and house insulin binding domains, while the linked beta chains penetrate through the plasma membrane. The insulin receptor is a tyrosine kinase. In other words, it functions as an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine residues on intracellular target proteins. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunits causes the beta subunits to phosphorylate themselves (autophosphorylation), thus activating the catalytic activity of the receptor. The activated receptor then phosphorylates a number of intracellular proteins, which in turn alters their activity, thereby generating a biological response. Several intracellular proteins have been identified as phosphorylation substrates for the insulin receptor, the best-studied of which is insulin receptor substrate 1 or IRS-1. When IRS-1 is activated by phosphorylation, a lot of things happen. Among other things, IRS-1 serves as a type of docking center for recruitment and activation of other enzymes that ultimately mediate insulin's effects. from yo mama
What has the author Bradley Allan Petrisor written?
Bradley Allan Petrisor has written: 'Analysis of the insulin receptor-related gene promoter'
Compare two ways that the binding of a signal molecule to a receptor protein causes a change in activity the receiving cell?
1. Insulin binding to insulin receptor tyrosine kinase on hepatocyte: increased glucose uptake, increased glycogen and fatty acid production and decreased catabolism in general (decreased gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis). Insulin binding causes receptor dimerization and self-phosphorylation. Phosphorylated receptor recruits scaffold proteins and downstream target proteins and phosphorylate them. Phosphorylated target proteins serve as kinases and activate or deactivate other proteins by phosphorylation, effecting appropriate effects. 2. Erythropoietin binding to EPO cytokine receptor on Common Myeloid Progenitor cell: eventual differentiation into erythrocyte. Cytokine receptor induces the Jak/STAT pathway resulting in altered gene expression by transcription factors, drastically changing the function and morphology of the cell.
What has the author Susan Rainey written?
Susan Rainey has written: 'Cloning and characterization of the insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR) reveals that it is closely associated with trkA in the genome and maps to human chromosome 1q22, A type 2 diabetes susceptibility locus'
How many type of hormones and receptrs meet?
There are several different types of hormones and receptors that meet. The types are peptide hormone receptor, lipid-soluable hormone receptor, thyroid stimulating hormone, insulin hormone, leutinizing hormone, and many more.
