Antibodies are secreted (plasma cells), while immunoglobulins are membrane-bound (naive B cells).
Chickenpox and shingles result from the same virus, and generate the same antibodies. There is no difference between chickenpox antibody and shingles antibody, and there is only one test (varicella virus antibody) for both.
Antibodies lack a transmembrane domain.
Antigen binding site or epitope is a part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody. Paratope is a part of an antibody that binds on epitope.
Opsonization involves an antibody binding to a pathogen itself while neutralizing invovles an antibody binding to a toxin, AKA something the pathogen produces.
the autoimmune reaction is the reaction between the antibody and antigene when both come from the same body but the isoimmune reaction is between the antigene and antibody produced for the same antigene ( the same according to the type but not the immunity )
difference between an antibody and an antigen
In the context of antibody structure, heavy chains are larger and provide structural support, while light chains are smaller and help with antigen binding.
polyclonal antobody is the antibody produced for many or non specific antigens but antiserum is the antibody for a specific antigen
Indirect ELISA and sandwich ELISA are two types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays used in laboratory testing. In indirect ELISA, the antigen is immobilized on the surface, and a primary antibody binds to the antigen. Then, a secondary antibody linked to an enzyme is added to detect the primary antibody. In sandwich ELISA, the antigen is captured by a primary antibody that is immobilized on the surface. A second antibody linked to an enzyme is then added to bind to a different epitope on the antigen, forming a "sandwich" complex. The main difference between the two methods is the way in which the antibodies are used to detect the antigen. In indirect ELISA, the primary antibody is detected by a secondary antibody, while in sandwich ELISA, the antigen is "sandwiched" between two antibodies for detection.
Basically to explain this, an antigen is any type of pathogen that causes disease, while an antibody is something that combats against the antigen.
its the same, humans are animals!
agglutination reaction