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Parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder wall muscle primarily causes contraction of the detrusor muscle, which facilitates bladder emptying. This contraction increases intravesical pressure, promoting the expulsion of urine. Additionally, parasympathetic stimulation inhibits the internal urethral sphincter, allowing urine to flow from the bladder into the urethra. Overall, this response is crucial for the process of micturition (urination).
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What triggers the micturition response?
The micturition response is triggered by a combination of a full bladder sending sensory signals to the brain, voluntary relaxation of the external sphincter, and involuntary contraction of the bladder muscle (detrusor muscle) mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system. This process helps to empty the bladder of urine.
What is the response to parasympathetic stimulation of the iris of the eye?
Parasympathetic stimulation of the iris leads to the contraction of the sphincter pupillae muscle, resulting in miosis, or constriction of the pupil. This response is primarily mediated by the release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic fibers, which activates muscarinic receptors in the iris. The overall effect is to reduce the amount of light entering the eye, which is particularly useful in bright lighting conditions.
Which muscle compresses the urinary bladder for micturition?
The muscle that compresses the urinary bladder during micturition is the detrusor muscle. This smooth muscle layer surrounds the bladder and contracts to expel urine from the bladder into the urethra. The contraction of the detrusor muscle is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic division.
Does parasympathetic stimulation of the intestine increase or decrease motility and increase or decrease digestive gland secretion?
Parasympathetic stimulation of the intestine increases motility by promoting smooth muscle contractions and enhances digestive gland secretion by stimulating the release of digestive enzymes and fluids.
What is the effects of parasympathetic stimulation on smooth muscle of blood vessels?
Nothing. The blood vessels are not innervated by the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system; only the sympathetics innervate blood vessels. Their action results in constriction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the vessels.
How does the synaptic nervous system affect the iris?
The iris is not innervated directly, however the iris sphincter muscle is affected by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Sympathetic stimulation causes pupil dilation while parasympathetic nervous system causes pupil constriction. The parasympathetic response is quicker because of the proximity of a parasympathetic ganglion (ciliary ganglion) to the eye. The sympathetic response is slower because all sympathetic ganglia are confined to the spinal cord. This is the reason why people adjust faster to a bright shining light than darkness.
How does PNS stimulation affect the lungs?
parasympathetic system (PSNS) will a)vasoconstrict the lumen of airway by contracting smooth muscle cells along the conducting passage via M3 Receptor, b)increase mucus secretion via M3 Overall it'll interfere with normal breathing pattern and obstruct normal breathing.
What is a graded muscle response?
It is the variation of stimulation needed in skeletal muscle contraction in order to have controlled movement.
Why curare reduces the response to nerve stimulation?
Curare reduces the response to nerve stimulation because it acts as a neuro-muscular blocking agent, or muscle relaxant. It is also known as tubocurarine.
What structure is the effector for the somatic motor stimulation?
The effector for somatic motor stimulation is the skeletal muscle. Somatic motor neurons innervate these muscles, leading to voluntary movements. The motor unit, consisting of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, is responsible for muscle contraction in response to somatic motor stimulation.
Describe how the nerve impulse travels in the heart?
The brain can influence the heart in two ways. Sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation. Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart is through the vagus nerve. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart is via cervical and thoracic splanchnic nerves. The heart has its own pacemaker cells, so the brain only changes the rate and contractility of the heart.
What are the effects of alpha-1 receptor stimulation?
Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors causes vasoconstriction, leading to an increase in blood pressure and pupil dilation. It can also result in smooth muscle contraction in organs such as the bladder and intestine.
