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The internal carotid artery gives rise to two main pairs of arteries: the ophthalmic artery and the middle cerebral artery. The ophthalmic artery supplies the eye and surrounding structures, while the middle cerebral artery is a major supplier of blood to the lateral aspects of the cerebral hemisphere, including areas responsible for motor and sensory functions. Additionally, the anterior cerebral artery, another branch, supplies the medial parts of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. Together, these branches play crucial roles in cerebral circulation.

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