Proteases are primarily secreted in the stomach and the pancreas. In the stomach, the enzyme pepsin is secreted by gastric cells in an inactive form and activated by stomach acid to aid in protein digestion. The pancreas secretes various proteases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, into the small intestine, where they continue the process of protein breakdown into smaller peptides and amino acids.
Proteases are secreted in their inactive forms so as to prevent self-digestion and the destruction of the body's own cells. This is because all cells have proteins and hence are susceptible to the catabolic effects of proteases. However, amylase is not secreted in an inactive form as we do not store starch in our cells, but rather, we store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen. Therefore amylase poses no risk to our cells. Lipase-secreting cells also do not contain lipids and therefore lipase poses no threat to the body's own cells.
Pancreas
To protect the body.
Acid chyme (nutrient broth from food) enters from the stomach. Protein digesting enzymes enter, but in an inactive form. Pancreatic proteases become activated here. And several digestive enzymes go into the lumen of the duodenum.
Pepsinogen is secreted as an inactive precursor because pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that can damage the cells that produce it. By secreting pepsinogen, the stomach protects itself from self-digestion until it is needed to break down proteins in the stomach.
Pepsin is an enzyme which is secreted by Zymogen cells of the stomach. First it is secreted in an inactive form called Pepsinogen. After that Hydrochloric acid (HCl) activates it into pepsin. FUNCTION:Its function is to hydrolyse the proteins to yield peptide.
Acid, Mucus and Hormones. The hormones secreted by the stomach include proteases such as pepsinogen and prorennin. The acid is HCL (Hydrochloric acid). It helps in killing the germs, prevents the decay of food and also activates the inactive hormones into pepsin and rennin which help in the digestion of proteins. Mucus is secreted to protect the lining of stomach from corrosion due to the highly acidic HCL present in the stomach.
The digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas are typically produced as inactive precursors (zymogens). These inactive forms are activated in the digestive tract when specific proteases cleave them to their active forms, ensuring they are only active when needed for digestion.
In the case of protein digesting enzymes, known as endopeptidases, such as those secreted in the stomach (pespin), it is obvious. If they were secreted active they would digest the glands which secrete the enzymes themselves (gastric glands). Instead they must be secreted in an inactive form, which once in the stomach and exposed to HCl acid and other pepsin enzymes the pepsinogen activates and begins digesting protein.
Pepsinogen is secreted by cells, witch is inactive, else cells made up of proteins would have got digested themselves. This inactive pepsinogen get converted to active pepsin after coming in contact with acid in stomach.
Dormant