Note, a heart attack (myocardial infarction) is very different from what you are describing which is cardiac arrest.
Doctors pass a large current using a defibrillator in certain cases of cardiac arrest when the heart muscle is just twitching and not beating in order to resychronise the electrical currents across the heart so they beat together effectively again.
what can be inferred about the voltage across the bulb
The voltage measured across a dry cell is the total voltage output of the cell, typically around 1.5 volts. When three bulbs are connected in series, the total voltage drop across the bulbs will be the same as the voltage output of the dry cell. So, the voltage measured across the dry cell is equal to the voltage drop measured across the three bulbs in series.
The rule for voltage across each resistor in a series circuit is that the total voltage supplied by the source is equal to the sum of the voltage drops across each resistor. In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each resistor is the same and equal to the source voltage.
The voltage measured across an open in a series circuit is the equivalent of the sourse voltage.
Voltage is impressed across a circuit. Current flows through a circuit.
No. If a voltage is applied across a resistor, a current flows through it.
If the switch is closed (connected) the voltage across it will read 0V. If the switch is open (disconnected) the voltage across it could be anything, it just depends on what the voltage between the wires going into the switch is.
The voltage drop across an LED varies, but is typically around 2 volts.
A voltage divider is a circuit that uses two or more resistors to divide the input voltage into smaller voltages across each resistor. The voltage across each resistor is proportional to its resistance compared to the total resistance in the circuit. This allows for distributing the input voltage across multiple resistors in a controlled manner.
No, the voltage across a capacitor cannot change instantaneously. It takes time for the voltage across a capacitor to change due to the storage and release of electrical energy in the capacitor.
The voltage across a battery in a parallel circuit is equal to the voltage across each bulb because Kirchoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the signed sum of the voltages going around a series circuit adds up to zero. Each section of the parallel circuit, i.e. the battery and one bulb, constitutes a series circuit. By KVL, the voltage across the battery must be equal and opposite to the voltage across the bulb. Another way of thinking about this is to consider that the conductors joining the battery and bulbs effectively have zero ohms resistance. By Ohm's law, this means the voltage across the conductor is zero, which means the voltage across the bulb must be equal to the voltage across the battery and, of course, the same applies for all of the bulbs.
The voltages appearing across each branch of a parallel circuit will be equal to the supply voltage.