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Cardiovascular efficiency depends on a number of factors. One measure is called stroke volume, which is the volume of blood pumped per heartbeat. A fit individual has a larger stroke volume, which means a greater volume of oxygen is delivered to the body per heartbeat. This is also the reason fit people have a lower resting heart rate. As mentioned, muscles reqire a given amount of fuel, even at rest, which doesn't change with exercise training. Because exercise training has increased the volume of oxygen that can be delivered to muscles per heartbeat, the heart needs to beat less to do the same job. Therefore, the heart rate is lowered.

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