A person's immune response is determined by the size of their thymus which produces T lymphocytes. The thymus begins to shrink after adolescense and at the age of 70 it is about 1/10 the size it was at the age of 10. Therefore, it is 25% as powerful as it was during adolescense.
because the cilia helps clump demise together
Increase
Increase
The decline in the immune system with age is still an area of active investigation. A complete understanding of the molecular interactions and physiological mediators that being about this decline are not fully dissected as yet. However, the general consensus is that there is a gradual decline the in the size of the thymus beginning at around age 20 and extending for the rest of the individuals life. This is one major reason to account for the decline in the immune system with age
Frail and elderly individuals are more susceptible to pathogens due to a combination of age-related decline in immune function, known as immunosenescence, and the presence of chronic health conditions that can impair their immune response. Additionally, physiological changes, such as decreased skin integrity and reduced mucosal defenses, increase vulnerability to infections. Their often limited mobility and social interactions can also lead to higher exposure to pathogens. Overall, these factors contribute to a heightened risk of infectious diseases in this population.
Looking for antigens is part of a specific immune response.
Secondary Immune Response is more rapid.
When mixed with an immunogen, it enhances the immune response against the immunogen
Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens, which are foreign substances that trigger an immune response. Antibodies bind to antigens to help neutralize or eliminate them from the body, playing a crucial role in the immune response.
Specific response
when it an infection or something gets past the first immune response then your body uses a different response or after immunisation
in order for antigens to incite the immune response the y must be ?