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What causes tetany and laryngeal spasms in a thyroidectomy?
Tetany and laryngeal spasms following a thyroidectomy are primarily caused by hypoparathyroidism, which can occur if the parathyroid glands are inadvertently damaged or removed during the surgery. This results in decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) in the blood. The low calcium levels can cause increased neuromuscular excitability, resulting in muscle spasms and tetany, as well as laryngeal spasms, which can affect breathing and voice. Prompt identification and management of hypocalcemia are essential to prevent these complications.
What does Condition hypoparathyroidism also causes?
Hypoparathyroidism primarily leads to low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), resulting in decreased calcium levels in the blood (hypocalcemia). This condition can cause muscle cramps, tingling in the fingers, and increased neuromuscular excitability, which may lead to seizures. Additionally, it can lead to dental issues, cataracts, and brittle nails due to impaired calcium metabolism. Long-term hypoparathyroidism can also result in complications such as osteoporosis.
What causes nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps from having hypocalcemia?
Tetany
How does citrate blood causes hypocalcemia?
Citrate in blood binds to calcium ions, forming complexes that are not available for biological functions. This decreases the amount of free calcium in the blood, leading to hypocalcemia. Additionally, citrate can chelate calcium in the blood, further reducing the level of ionized calcium available for use in blood clotting and nerve function.
What is a chronic progressive neuromuscular disorder that causes severe skeletal muscle weakness?
myasthenia gravis
How calcium supplements useful in veterinary?
Calcium supplements are useful primarily to treat hypocalcemia. This is a nutritional issue that typically arises around pregnancy. In dogs, pregnancy hypocalcemia tends to be pre-parturient (before birth) and causes a tonic paralysis (rigid paralysis). In dairy cattle, hypocalcemia tends to be post-paturient (after birth) and causes a flaccid paralysis (floppy or loose paralysis). In both cases, careful administration of intravenous calcium can reverse the paralysis in a matter of hours.
What is a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles.?
A neuromuscular blocker causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles. This type of drug is used adjunctively to anesthesia to produce paralysis.
What causes calcium in the eye?
There are several different conditions that can cause calcium deposits in the eye. These include hypocalcemia, gout, renal failure, and chronic inflammation.
What is neuromuscular scoliosis?
Scoliosis is a side-to-side curvature of the spine. Neuromuscular scoliosis is due to loss of control of the nerves or muscles which support the spine. The most common causes of this type of scoliosis are cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy.
Strengths and weaknesses of CAT scans?
a cats weakness is ventroflexion of the neck is a common presentation in cats with neuromuscular causes of acute weakness.
What are some causes of a limp?
There are several causes of a limp. Often it is caused by pain, weakness, neuromuscular imbalance or a skeletal deformity. However, the most common cause of a limp is physical trauma.
Does hypercalcemia cause depression of the nervous system?
Yes, hypercalcemia causes nervous system depression - the opposite of (see below) According to the Human Anatomy and Physiology Textbook by Marieb, hypocalcemia causes neuron excitation and if severe enough, leads to tetany and then paralysis. this is because both serum calcium and intracellular calcium are increased. The reason hypocalcemia causes neuron excitation (contrary to the above logic) is because a decrease in extracellular calcium concentration increases the neuron membrane's permeability to sodium and allows sodium to easily depolarize the neuron's membrane and cause an action potential. Additionally The membrane threshold becomes refractory to depolarization thus many of the symptoms are related to the loss of cell membrane excitability. How extracellular calcium controls sodium membrane permeability is another question.
