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The Muslim slave trade in Africa, which primarily took place from the 7th to the 19th centuries, focused on the capture and trade of Africans across the Sahara and Indian ocean, often involving women and children for domestic servitude and concubinage. In contrast, the European slave trade, especially during the transatlantic period from the 16th to the 19th centuries, was characterized by the mass transport of enslaved Africans to the Americas for labor in plantations, leading to a significant demographic and social impact. While both trades dehumanized individuals and were driven by economic motives, the scale and nature of European slavery were more industrialized and brutal, leading to a larger death toll and more profound long-term consequences on African societies. Additionally, the European trade was marked by the establishment of racially-based chattel slavery, whereas the Muslim trade included a variety of statuses with more potential for social mobility for some enslaved individuals.

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