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Yes, in 1629, an organization called the Massachusetts was granted a charter by King Charles giving the company the right to colonize and conduct trade in an area between the Charles River (which runs through Boston) and the Merrimack River, north of there. It was colonized under that charter in 1630 by a group of about 1,000 Puritan refugees from England under Governor John Winthrop, who established a theocratic govenment (one in which religion is the ruling force).

The Pilgrims had come over earlier, in 1620.

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