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Many facts about Roman Britain were documented by ancient historians, such as the conquest of southern England by the general Aulus Plautus and emperor Claudius in 43 and of northern England in 76 by General Agricola who was sent by emperor Vespasian, Boudicca's revolt against the Romans in 60 or 61 AD, the Roman military campaigns in Scotland, the construction of Hadrian's Wall by emperor Hadrian in 120 and the Antonine Wall by emperor Antoninus Pius in 142, Camolodunum being the first capital of Roman Britannia and its being replaced by Londinium (London), Eboracum (York ) being the headquarters of the Roman army in the north and becoming the capital of Britannia inferior, Londinium becoming the capital of Britannia inferior, Britain becoming part of a breakaway empire (the Gallic Empire) for 14 years (260-47), Constantine the Great starting his military career in Britannia in 305 and his being proclaimed emperor of the western part of the Roman Empire in York in 306, the withdrawal of the Roman legions from the island in 407-410, and plenty more.

Reminders of Roman rule in Britain are the Roman baths in the city of Bath, the roman remains which are found all the time in London, Hadrian's Wall, which is in great part still intact, some remains of the Antonine Wall, the remains of Roman forts, aqueducts and roads and continuous archaeological finds, including finds of Roman coins.

The name Britain is derived from the Latin name for this island: Britannia.

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