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For a while the Dutch held a prominent position as traders: as the largest sea-going nation of Europe, they had the most ships and the know-how to transport a lot of slaves. But in the second half of the 17th century, the English started to take over much of the trade from the Dutch. The most important reason was that in a series of wars with the Dutch, the British succesfully upheld their Act of Navigation that said that any goods shipped to British territories could be shipped by British vessels only. Most slaves were transported to British colonies, like the Caribean islands and the southern US States. Secondly, the British established close relations with Portugal over time which gave them the opportunity to become the trader of preference for the Portuguese colony of Brazil, which also needed a lot of slaves for their sugar plantations. By 1700, the Dutch had become minor players in the slave trade. Even the slaves shipped to their own colony of Surinam were usually transported in British vessels by then.

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