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Constantine ended the the tetrarchy (rule by four), which had been created by his predecessor, Diocletian, whereby the empire had been ruled by four co-emperors, by winning two civil wars and becoming the sole emperor. He designated Byzantium as his imperial capital, redeveloped and renamed it, Constantinople after himself (it means city of Constantine). Under Diocletian there were four capitals: Nicomedia (in the northeast what is now Turkey), Milan (in Italy), Sirmium (in Serbia) and Augusta Trevorum (in south-western Germany). Rome had ceased to be the capital of the empire.

Apart from ending the tetrarchy, Constantine did not make any other changes in the administrative policies of Diocletian. He retained the four highest subdivisions of the empire (the praetorian provinces) and the twelve intermediate ones (the dioceses) and the number of provinces, which had been doubled by making the previous ones smaller.

Constantine and the co-emperor Licinius issued the Edit of Milan, which completed the end of the great persecution of Christians which had be decreed by the Edict of Toleration the emperor Galerius had issued two years earlier.He also pursued policies which favoured the Christians. The built Christian churches, promoted Christians in the imperial bureaucracy and convened synods and ecumenical council to try to resolve disputed between Christian doctrines.

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