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Apartheid in South Africa refers to a policy of racial segregation that began under an all-white government in 1948 and lasted until 1994, when a new government consisting of multiple races -- the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela -- was elected. This was viewed as an important and positive turning point not only in South Africa, but by many other countries around the world.

During Apartheid, there were many resistance groups opposed to the policies within the country that rallied for equal rights for both white and nonwhite citizens. Moreover, the United Nations General Assembly officially condemned Apartheid in 1973. According to History.com, the United Nations Security Council even made it illegal to sell arms to South Africa in 1976, while the United States and United Kingdom both imposed economic sanctions in 1985. It was the United States’ Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 -- which offered five steps South Africa could take to have these economic sanctions lifted -- that really pushed the South African government to repeal Apartheid laws.

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How did the people react to the apartheid laws?

The reaction to apartheid laws in South Africa was marked by widespread resistance and protest among various groups, particularly among the Black majority. Many organized movements, such as the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), led campaigns against the oppressive regime, using strategies ranging from peaceful protests to armed resistance. Internationally, there was significant condemnation of apartheid, leading to economic sanctions and divestment campaigns. Despite severe repression, including arrests and violence against activists, the struggle against apartheid persisted, ultimately contributing to its dismantling in the early 1990s.


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