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In World War 1 the central powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman empire. Italy was initially part of that alliance ("triple alliance") but because it switched side to the Entente, in order to conquer some territory from Austria.

The triple alliance waged war against the triple entente, with France, Russia and UK with the commonwealth, but it started with the conflict in the Balkan. Also others, beside Serbia etc joined the Entente, like Japan and USA.

The Germany and Austria-Hungary were central European states and the war was fought all around them, so it wasn't strange to call them "central powers".

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