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William II of Normandy, AKA William the Conquerer, invaded England with an army of Normans, Bretons, and French, defeating Harold II at The Battle of Hastings and ending Anglo-Saxon rule.

The English elite had their lands and titles confiscated; some fled into exile in Scotland, Ireland, Scandinavia, and the Byzantine Empire. The elite among William's followers were rewarded with castles and land (as noted in the Domesday Book), and Norman French became the language of the government, courts, and upper classes. In the church, senior English office holders were either replaced with Normans immediately or when they died. There appears to have been a formal elimination of slavery, which may or may not have been because of the invasion, but otherwise there was little change to the structure of government.

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12y ago

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