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The spark that started the modern Civil Rights Movement occurred in December of 1955. Rosa Parks, a black seamstress, refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, as Montgomery, Alabama law required. The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. became the spokesman for the protest that developed and led the Black boycott of the Montgomery Bus system. In 1957, the first Blacks tried to enroll in Central High School, in Little Rock. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination for reason of color, race, religion, or national origin in places of public accommodation, and anything covered by interstate commerce. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed to protect the right to vote. Federal observers would be placed at the polls to make sure all citizens had the right to vote. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 outlawed discrimination in housing and the selling of real estate. The Civil Rights Movement continues. The ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) intended to prohibit all discrimination based on sex but it failed to win ratification. The Equal Rights Amendment was reintroduced in Congress on July 14, 1982 and has been before every session of Congress since that time.

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