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Martin Luther a monk and teacher at the University of Wittenberg, in 1517 published his "95 Theses of Contention" describing corruption in the Roman Catholic. As his writings became widely spread throughout Europe, the "protestant reformation" began to protest the corruption and power of the Roman Catholic church. In his writings, he condemned the Jews because they did not accept Christ as the Messiah. As the Nazis gained power in Germany in the twentieth century, they used quotes from Luther's writings to support their ideals. Today's followers of Luther's teaching are known as Lutherans.

Around the same time that Luther's writings were spreading throughout Europe, reformers in England were attempting to "purify" the Church of England believing that the clergy had too much power. They called themselves Puritans. The official move to cut the power of the Roman Catholic church in England was when King Henry VIII, for his own reasons, separated from Rome in 1534. The Puritans defied the power of the church and were persecuted for their efforts to reform the government controlled church. This finally drove the Puritans to set up colonies in the New World.

Any opposition of Martin Luther's teachings by the Puritans may be obscured by their struggles to accomplish their own reformations.

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