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[Confederate advantages]

Some of the best officers of the US Army had resigned to join the Confederates.

Traditional advantage in cavalry - most young Southerners could ride and shoot

Officer class - the army was a more natural choice of career for sons of rural landowners than in the industrial North.

Rank-&-file - a more soldierlike breed, a generally aggressive kind of people

Home-ground advantage - most battles were on terrain unfamiliar to the enemy

Stronger war-mission - to defend the homeland against the invader.

Their President did not have to face an election in mid-war, as Lincoln did.

(At the beginning) Prospect of recognition and military aid from Britain and France.

[Union advantages]

Much bigger population from which to recruit armies.

Traditional advantage in artillery, including new rifled cannon

Industrial capability - access to all kinds of war-supplies

More railroad mileage - whole armies could move by train

Big enough navy to blockade Southern coast

Most talented President the Americans ever had

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