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Agriculture - main industry and source of livelihood

*Kaingin system - burning of land to cultivate the soil

*Tillage system - use of carabao with plow to create a place for planting in the cultivated soil

The Filipinos already had a system of landholding even before the Spaniards came to the Philippines. Two kinds of ownership were practiced then, public and private.

*Public Property - could be planted on by anybody

*Private Property - cultivated lands that are reserved for the nobles and datus

• Some datus could not manage all of their lands that is the reason why it was planted by other people who would pay rent to them. They also owned fishponds.

This was how they run lands but it all changed when the Spaniards came.

Major Industries:

• Fishing

• Leading industry and means of livelihood

• Manila Bay: rich in fish and marine resources

*Methods: -Fishing nets -Wicker baskets

-Bow and arrow -Hooks and lines

-Fishing spears -Corals and fish poison

- Pearl Oyster Fisheries in Sulu

• Mining

• Became an important industry for our ancestors

• Gold -were collected through washer and placer mining

-were used to create arm braces of "kalumbigas" and necklaces

• Other metals are for swords and tools

• Early Filipinos were considered to be excellent Blacksmiths

• Weaving

• Availability of materials like abaca, cotton, silk made it an important form of industry

• Women were good in embroidery

• They wove textiles like "sinamay" from hemp and "mendrinaque" from banana

• Boat making/Shipbuilding

• Known as one of the developing industries

• Started because islands were said to be apart from each other (means of transportation)

• Wine making

• Considered as one of most growing industries

• From Coconut trees - "tuba"

• From Nipa Palm - "lambanog"

Minor Industries:

• Jewelry making

• Mat and basket making

• Ornaments from carabao horn

• Tanning from animal hide

• Haunting for edible bird's nest

Other Information:

• Even before the Spaniards came we were already engage in trade with our neighboring countries

• We have exported…

- Cotton, mats, pearls, fruits, onions, etc.

• In return we get…

- Glass, gold, vases, silk, porcelain, fishing rods, baskets, etc.

• From India

- Pottery, beads and bracelets, art of weaving, glassmaking, smelting of iron, gold, and other metals, etc.

• Trade with Southeast Asian neighbors flourished until the middle 15th century

• Trade with Indo China and Japan

• Japanese ships were utilized to purchase raw cotton and indigo along Ilocos coast

• No currency yet - barter system

• Domestic commerce among the barangays and islands

• The coasts of Bohol, Samar and Butuan had many trading boats

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15y ago

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