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In the early period of the Roman Republic the poor plebeians had economic grievances: indebtedness, the interest rates of loans and shortages of land for the poor to farm. The issue for the rich plebeians was power-sharing with the patricians (the aristocrats) who monopolised political power by monopolising the consulship (the office of the two annually elected heads of the Republic), the seats of the senate and the priesthoods. They managed to gain access to the consulship, the other offices of state which were created as the Republic developed and some of the priesthoods during the 200-year conflict of the orders. The problems of shortage of land was temporarily resolved by establishing colonies (settlements) around Italy when Rome expanded into central and southern Italy. However, it re-emerged during the Late Republic and led to a renewal of tensions. Indebtedness remained an enduring problem. ;

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Freeda Kris

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