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African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, played a crucial role in the Civil Rights Movement, most notably through the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956. Sparked by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her bus seat to a white passenger, the boycott lasted over a year, during which African Americans refused to use the city’s buses, significantly impacting the transit system's finances. Community leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., organized the boycott and mobilized support, fostering a sense of unity and determination among African Americans. This pivotal action contributed to the eventual desegregation of the buses and inspired further civil rights activism across the nation.

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