Early societies in Mesoamerica included the Olmec, known for their colossal stone heads, and the Maya, recognized for their advanced writing, mathematics, and astronomy. In North America, the Adena and Hopewell cultures emerged in the Ohio River Valley, notable for their earthen mounds and trade networks. The Ancestral Puebloans, also known as the Anasazi, thrived in the Southwestern United States, creating cliff dwellings and complex irrigation systems. These societies laid the foundational cultural and technological developments that influenced later civilizations.
The Incas arrived in Mesoamerica around the early 13th century. The empire lasted from 1438 until they were conquered by the Spanish in 1533.
Colonial cities arose in societies that fell under the domination of Europe and North America in the early expansion of the capitalist world system.
Many of the early societies in Mesoamerica varied in their complexities. In what is now the southwestern United States, the dry, hostile environment produced survival problems and the societies were not as complex as the ones in what is southeastern Mexico as one example. In the American southwest the so-called Desert tradition evolved. This included southern California as well as the the latter area. The major solutions posed to survival itself precluded advanced development. A subsistence pattern developed. For archaeologists, there was one advantage for their explorations. Unlike the wet, humid areas of the Yucatan peninsula, the American southwest's dry climate preserved many artifacts from the Native Tribes civilizations.
the spread of disease from animals to humans
Olmec culture refers to the ancient civilization that thrived in Mesoamerica, particularly in present-day Mexico, from around 1200 to 400 BCE. Known as one of the earliest complex societies in the region, the Olmecs are renowned for their impressive stone sculptures, particularly the colossal heads, and their contributions to early Mesoamerican writing and calendrical systems. Their culture laid the foundation for later civilizations, influencing art, religion, and social organization throughout Mesoamerica. The Olmecs are often referred to as the "mother culture" of later civilizations like the Maya and Aztecs.
Religion was deeply connected with civilizations’ governments in both regions.
Religion was deeply connected with civilizations’ governments in both regions.
While there are no exact records, Mesoamerica began about 7000 BC in the region we now call Central America. The cultures that lived there flourished as a whole until the Spanish arrived in the early 15th century.
well many things....it would take to long to list sorry
Assuming "early humans" refers to those who existed in "prehistory" or before written history, they did not require government. Instead, societies existed in tribes or bands, following the directives of the eldest members. Eventually, societies became too big for this to work and government took the form of kingship. Democratic governments, have only existed as we know them for about 220 years, though the idea for it is older.
agriculture
some early societies are the inca and the aztec.
mesoamerica
The Incas arrived in Mesoamerica around the early 13th century. The empire lasted from 1438 until they were conquered by the Spanish in 1533.
Early societies were diverse and can be categorized into several types, including hunter-gatherer bands, which relied on foraging and nomadic lifestyles; pastoral societies, which focused on herding and breeding livestock; and agricultural societies, which developed farming and settled in one place. Additionally, some societies evolved into more complex structures, such as chiefdoms and early states, characterized by social hierarchies, centralized governance, and economic specialization. Each type of society adapted to its environment and available resources, shaping its culture and social organization.
The first major city in Mesoamerica was Teotihuacan. It was the capital of an early kingdom that arose around 250 BC and collapsed about AD 800.
plants ,animals , and corn