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During the Punic Wars, Rome also fought five wars in Greece and annexed mainland Greece.

King Phillip V of Macedon, the largest and dominant state in Greece, made an alliance with Hannibal and tried to conquer Illyria, just north of Greece, on the Adriatic coast, next door to Italy. This area had been under Roman control. Phillip threatened Roman interests there. The Romans fought the FirstMacedonian War (214-205 BC) and won. They made alliances with the Greek states of Pergamon and with the Aetolian league, a league of some Greek city-states in central Greece.

Rome fought the Second Macedonian War (200-196 BC) because the Greek states of Pergamon and Rhodes asked for help against aggression by Phillip of Macedon and Antiochus III the Seleucid emperor of Syria and much of Turkey (Pergamon was in western Turkey and Rhodes is an island of western Turkey). Rome and her allies won this war.

Rome fought the Roman- Syrian War, also called the Seleucid War (192-188 BC) because Antiochus III, the Seleucid emperor, tried to invade Greece. Rome, again with the help of Pergamon and Rhodes, was this war.

Rome fought the Third Macedonian War (172-168 BC) because the new king of Macedon, Perseus wanted to expand into Greece and kick the Romans out of Greece. Rome won. Perseus was deposed and the Romans divided Macedon by setting up four republics which were her client states.

Rome fought the Fourth Macedonian War (150-148 BC) because Andricus, who claimed to be the son of Perseus, led a revolt against Rome. Rome won this war as well.

Finally there was the Achaean War (146 BC). The Achaean League, a league of city-states in the Peloponnese (the peninsula in southern Greece) rose against Rome. This conflict was very brief as the Romans were far superior and ended with the destruction of the city of Corinth in the same year as the destruction of Carthage and the annexation of the whole of mainland Greece.

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