President Lyndon B. Johnson was encouraged to send aircraft to bomb North Vietnam primarily due to the escalating conflict and the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964, which heightened fears of communist expansion in Southeast Asia. The goal was to deter North Vietnamese aggression and support South Vietnam in its fight against the Viet Cong. Additionally, Johnson aimed to demonstrate American resolve and commitment to containing communism, which aligned with his broader Cold War strategy. Ultimately, these factors contributed to the decision to escalate U.S. military involvement in the region.
Theater is a military term for an area. Example: WWII had two main theaters; the European Theater and the Pacific Theater. One lesser known WWII theater was the CBI Theater (China/Burma/India), e.g. films: "Ojective Burma", starring Errol Flynn; and "Merrill's Marauders", starring Jeff Chandler.
North Vietnam won the war.
South Vietnam's surrender to North Vietnam is what ended the Vietnam War. The North Vietnamese had the goal of Vietnamese Unification and the surrender of South Vietnam in 1975 allowed them to achieve that objective.
North Vietnam and South Vietnam. South Vietnam was a democratic republic and North Vietnam had a socialist government headed by a communist regime. North Vietnam was trying to defeat the democracy of South Vietnam and unify the country.
Some estimates say about 1 million men. This does not count the AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery) defending North Vietnam against US war planes, those were often manned by North Vietnamese women.
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Men drafted into the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). North Viet women were used as transporters, nurses, construction teams, & anti-aircraft gunners (Anti-Aircraft Artillery=AAA crews) defending North Vietnam from US air strikes (bombing attacks). NVA used to write graffiti on their OD pith helmets "Born in the North, Died in the South."
The countries that were actually "physically" involved, and were bombed or had US aircraft crash into them, whether they were "officially" in the war or not, were: Lao's, Cambodia, North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
The NVA and ARVN fought in South Vietnam. The only fighting taking place in North Vietnam was between jet aircraft (the air war).
There no longer is a North Vietnam, North Vietnam and South Vietnam were joined together after the Vietnam War.
They appeared to mirror allied military men. Young and older men, and females were relegated to support duties (transport & repair) and primarily to duties defending their homeland (North Vietnam) in the anti-aircraft defense systems.
The US used every aircraft (to include U-2's & SR-71's) in it's inventory to bomb North Vietnam into submission. To destroy Hanoi's means of conducting the war in South Vietnam and to bring North Vietnam to peaceful negotiations (peace talks).
The Vietnam War escalated from a Viet Cong guerrilla war to a war involving regular Army units of the North Vietnamese Army; including jet aircraft combat between US Air Force/US Navy jet fighter planes against North Vietnamese Air Force fighter aircraft.
North Vietnam was controlled by communists.
USSR-Trained North Vietnamese pilots in the Soviet Union to fly MIG-17 & MIG-21 jet aircraft. USSR supplied NVAF with those above jet aircraft. USSR supplied NVA with PT76 amphibious light tanks and T54/55 medium tanks. USSR supplied North Vietnam with SAM missiles (Surface to Air Missiles). Red China-Trained North Vietnamese pilots in Communist China to fly MIG-19 (J6 versions) jet aircraft. Red China supplied NVAF with MIG-19 jet aircraft (J6 versions).
North Vietnam utilized North Vietnamese women to man their anti-aircraft guns (AAA-Anti-Aircraft Artillery). North Viet women were also used to transport equipment, and repair bomb craters and roads. Communist women also worked as nurses and ordnance teams (building munitions/mines, etc.). Although everybody fought when cornered...women supported or replaced their men, as their men marched south into South Vietnam, defending the North when attacked by US jets. For South Vietnam, the US/Allies retained the centurie's old tradition: Protecting women and children.
the conflict in North Vietnam