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The Ottoman Empire was a Turkish principality which formed in 1299. It fought multiple wars against the Byzantine Empire which ( as well as a civil war Serbia intervened in, annexing most of the empire ) lead to the defeat of the Byzantine Empire with the end of the siege of Constantinople on May 29, 1453. However in this period they also conquered much of the Balkans. The Serbian Empire had dissolved into different kingdoms lead by Serbian noblemen. In 1371, King Vukašin Mranjevič met the Ottoman Empire in battle. Both sides were relatively evenly matched, the Ottomans wanted to conquer all of Macedonia which was under his control. King Vukašin wanted to conquer Thrace. The battle of the Maritsa River was a raid lead by Ottoman general & mastermind Lala Şahin Pasha. He lead 80 men to the camp where 70 000 Serbian soldiers lay sleeping, & killed them , the majority drowning trying to flee across the Maritsa River. King Vukašin was killed in the first minutes leaving inexperience Despot Jovan Uglješa in command. After winning the Battle of Kosovo, the Battle of Kosovo II & the crusade of Varna, the Ottomans had the majority of the Balkans under their control . Anatolia was also under the control after war against the Aramid Empire & the Emirate of Trebzon. They fought major wars against the Mamluks who they annexed fully, the Safavids who they annexed all but Iran from, but lost the ottoman Hapsburg war after Poland defeated the Ottomans who had encircled Vienna. The Austrians latter conquered Hungary from the Ottomans as well as Bosnia . After a series of wars with Russia they had lost much land until the Crimean war . Various revolts lead to the independence of Serbia , Bulgaria , Montenegro & Greece . After Albania declared its independence & Macedonia revolted in 1912, the Balkan league - Bulgaria , Montenegro , Serbia - attacked the Ottomans to liberate Macedonia. Greece also attacked, but committed a genocide against 600 000 Macedonians. After Serbia refused to hand over land they had agreed to give to Bulgaria before the war, they went to war. Greece joined the war , killing a further 700 000 Macedonian civilians. After WW1, the Ottoman Empire was stripped of all of its Arab colonies & became a British puppet. Greece attempted to conquer Turkey, & commit genocide like they did against he Macedonians, but Ataturk rose an army & defeated the Greeks .

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