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8. There is only one Constitution for Union and States. India

9. India achieved uniformity in basic civil and criminal laws, except personal laws in some matters.

10. The Indian Union is an indestructible Union of destructible States. The area, identity of a state can be changed by Parliament. The States can be destructible. But the Union can not be changed. The Union is indestructible.

11. The Central Government has been the power to form a new State, to increase the area of any State, to diminish the area of any State; to alter the boundaries of any State; to alter the name of any State; and to form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a partnership the of any State(Article 3)

12. The word "Federal" is not at all used in our Constitution. Simply the framers described "Union".

13. The Supreme Court has been given very wide powers, including appellate (Civil and criminal) jurisdiction.

14. No referendum is necessary. For the amendment of the Constitution, the people need not give their consent. It is sufficient to get the majority of M.P.s and in certain cases, the majority of the State legislatures.

USA

8. There are two Constitutions-

9. There are different civil and criminal laws, differing from State to State.

10. Union is based only the agreement. Any State can separate at any time. When the States are separated, there will be no Union at all. Hence, it is called that the American Union is an indestructible Union of indestructible States.

11. The American Federal Government has been no such power.

12. The word "Federal" is used in the Constitution very often, and still now it is used very frequently.

13. The Supreme Court of American has not been given such type of appellate jurisdiction.

14. For the amendment of Federal Constitution, a referendum must be conducted. Amendment to the Constitution can be made only with the consent of the people.

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