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The Japanese occupation,1942-45, weighed heavily on Singapore but they do not forget. They promote their historical memory with museums, monuments and commemorations.

Westerners aren't always as familiar with the Second World War in Asia as they might be with the conflict in Europe. Japan began an Asian takeover on December 7/8, 1941 with a four-pronged thrust at Pearl Harbor, Hong Kong, Darwin and the Malayan Peninsula. With air superiority and adaptable tactics like bicycle units in the jungles, the Japanese overwhelmed Allies in the Malayan Peninsula.

Japan took over 80,000 prisoners of war in what Winston Churchill called the largest capitulation in British history. Singapore was defended by British, Australian, Indian and Malay troops but poor strategy and technical errors, such as armour-piercing shells rather than high-explosives for the 15 inch coastal guns, led to a surrender on February 15 1942.

Singapore, as a grateful and gracious society, diligently keeps its WWII memory at the forefront. Three ways Singaporeans remember their own ethnic experiences and show gratitude to those who tried to protect them are:

1. Plaques and simple shrines on garden walkways, hospitals and beaches, indicating sites of execution and Horror

2. A chapel and museum at Changi paying tribute to P.O.W. experiences

3. Several Remembrance Day ceremonies at sombre war monuments


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