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During the republic Rome responded to emergencies by appointing a dictator who was an extraordinary officer of state who was not legally liable for his actions and had an absolute authority which went beyond that of the consuls (the heads of the Republic) who were ordinary officers of state and had legal liability for their actions. A dictator could overrule or depose and sentence to death other officers of state. He could rule by decree and change any law, but these lasted only for his term of office. He could also issue new laws without the assemblies' vote, but these were usually put through a vote. He could punish without trial and was exempt from appeal. He could act without consulting the senate, but he usually did. The word did not have the negative connotation it has now and did not imply despotism. His term was only six months as the office was only for dealing with emergencies. His mandate was established by senatorial decree issued prior to his appointment and was defined by and restricted to the cause of the appointment. It was rei gerundae causa (for the matter to be done). The most common cause was a military emergency. The dictator was given sole lead of the army. This was done to make military command more efficient or to appoint a man with better military leadership skills. Occasionally, a dictator was appointed seditionis sedandae - for putting down rebellion.
This practice was stopped (with the exception of two instances in the second Punic war) after the wars in Italy because it was feared that a man with such great power would be dangerous if he was far from Rome. It was replaced by the Senatus consultum ultimum, a senatorial emergency decree that allowed the consuls to act as they saw fit. Gaius Marius was elected consul six times, five of which were consecutive (107, 105-100 BC) despite a low that prohibited re-election for 10 years because Rome had to deal with barbarian invasions. Sulla was appointed dictator (legibus faciendis et reipublicae constituendae causa, (for the making of laws and the settling of the constitution) at the end of his war against Marius (82 BC). He had thousands of his political opponents executed. It was this that gave the Dictatorship a bad name. In 53 BC, the senate, mindful of Sulla' precedent, appointed Pompey sole consul instead of dictator, to deal with domestic unrest. This made him accountable for his actions at the end of his office. Julius Caesar was appointed dictator four times
What else can I help you with?
Who was pm during the abdication crisis?
During the abdication crisis of 1936, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom was Stanley Baldwin. The crisis arose when King Edward VIII sought to marry Wallis Simpson, an American divorcée, which created a constitutional conflict. Baldwin opposed the marriage, leading to Edward's eventual abdication in December 1936. Baldwin's leadership was pivotal in navigating the political fallout from the crisis.
Who debated against Kennedy during the Berlin crisis?
Nikita Khrushchev from Germany debated against Kennedy during the Berlin Crisis.
In early Rome the role of what lasted only until a crisis has pasted?
In early Rome, the role of the dictator lasted only until a crisis had passed. This position was created to grant one individual absolute power to make quick decisions during emergencies, such as military threats or civil unrest. Once the crisis was resolved, the dictator was expected to relinquish power and restore the normal functioning of the republic. This temporary measure reflected the Roman commitment to a balanced government and the avoidance of permanent autocracy.
Who was the Soviet leader during the Cuban missile crisis?
Nikita KhrushchevNikita Kruschev was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Can military take over your house during crisis?
No
What organization was not created during the war years?
The IMF was not created during wartime. It was created in 1945 mostly to be able to play a role similar to that of the USA, which included the support of economies that were in crisis.
What was Turkey's position on the Rwandan genocide?
turkey was a bit occupied during rwandan genocide, they didnt participate or helped, they were leading with a crisis and the PKK
What was the crisis during the Harlem Renaissance?
The Crisis was a magazine that WEB Dubois created during the Harlem Renaissance that published the works of other African Americans. It included poems, reviews, and essays about culture and politics. It had a major political voice during this time.
What was the crisis during the American Revolution?
the American crisis was to discourage the patriots during the revolutinary
When the global financial crisis started?
It started during early 2008 when the real estate prices in the US started to decline. That set off a sequence of events that have created such a big crisis.
Who became dictator of the republic?
A dictator was a duly appointed official of the Roman republic and the position was used in times of crises. The position was given to the man judged most capable of resolving the crises or problem. There were 87 dictators appointed during the Roman republic.A dictator was a duly appointed official of the Roman republic and the position was used in times of crises. The position was given to the man judged most capable of resolving the crises or problem. There were 87 dictators appointed during the Roman republic.A dictator was a duly appointed official of the Roman republic and the position was used in times of crises. The position was given to the man judged most capable of resolving the crises or problem. There were 87 dictators appointed during the Roman republic.A dictator was a duly appointed official of the Roman republic and the position was used in times of crises. The position was given to the man judged most capable of resolving the crises or problem. There were 87 dictators appointed during the Roman republic.A dictator was a duly appointed official of the Roman republic and the position was used in times of crises. The position was given to the man judged most capable of resolving the crises or problem. There were 87 dictators appointed during the Roman republic.A dictator was a duly appointed official of the Roman republic and the position was used in times of crises. The position was given to the man judged most capable of resolving the crises or problem. There were 87 dictators appointed during the Roman republic.A dictator was a duly appointed official of the Roman republic and the position was used in times of crises. The position was given to the man judged most capable of resolving the crises or problem. There were 87 dictators appointed during the Roman republic.A dictator was a duly appointed official of the Roman republic and the position was used in times of crises. The position was given to the man judged most capable of resolving the crises or problem. There were 87 dictators appointed during the Roman republic.A dictator was a duly appointed official of the Roman republic and the position was used in times of crises. The position was given to the man judged most capable of resolving the crises or problem. There were 87 dictators appointed during the Roman republic.
What is conscription crisis?
It was a political and military crisis in Canada during the Great War.
Who debated against Kennedy during the Berlin crisis?
Nikita Khrushchev from Germany debated against Kennedy during the Berlin Crisis.
Can construction projects continue during crisis?
Can contruction projects continue thru crisis?
What did Germany do during the GFC?
During the GFC, global finance crisis, Germany created a strong export sector which allowed unemployment to continue. Germany benefited greatly over the UK.
What crazy roman official made his horse a government official?
The Roman Emperor Caligula made his horse, Incitatus, a government official by giving him a position of consul. Caligula's decision was seen as a sign of his extravagance and eccentric behavior during his reign.
In early Rome the role of what lasted only until a crisis has pasted?
In early Rome, the role of the dictator lasted only until a crisis had passed. This position was created to grant one individual absolute power to make quick decisions during emergencies, such as military threats or civil unrest. Once the crisis was resolved, the dictator was expected to relinquish power and restore the normal functioning of the republic. This temporary measure reflected the Roman commitment to a balanced government and the avoidance of permanent autocracy.
