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Arabs are people of the Middle East that are united by a common language: Arabic, and a common history: the Islamic Caliphates. Arabs are not necessarily of the same ethnic stock and in many cases are of mixed heritage due to intermarriage between the Arabs coming up from the Arabian Peninsula and indigenous Semites and Berbers. Not all Arabs are Muslim, but all Arabs have (in their history) spent time under an Islamic government.

Israelis are a national group, which is to say that they are a group of people who all have a certain citizenship. This is similar to the term "American" since a person is defined as being American by having a certain citizenship, not by race, religion, ideology, political aspirations, or creed. The term Israeli is just that. There are Jewish Israelis from as varied places as India, Ethiopia, Russia, Morocco, and the United States (among nearly 50 other nations) who form the majority of the country's population. Arab Israelis are both Christian and Muslim are a sizable minority. Additionally, there are guest-workers and refugees in Israel from Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

Being Arab and being Israeli are not based on the same criteria and are not the same thing in the slightest. Additionally, 20% of all Israelis are Arab, which means that the terms are not mutually exclusive. It just so happens that both groups of people live in the Middle East, that's it.

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