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This is a vastly complex issue that cannot easily be answered. Entire college courses are taught on the subject, and countless books have been written examining it. There is much debate. A few of the facts are below, but by no means are intended to provide a complete answer:

  • The punitive measures of the Treaty of Versailles.
    • Germany was forced to accept blame for the cause of WW1 - Article 231
    • Germany was forced to make huge land concessions (Alsace and Lorraine) and 15 year occupation of the Rhineland (that did not end)
    • Natural Resources were plundered, especially from the Saar basin, and sent to France.
    • Germany was forced to disarm.
    • Article 119 separated the colonies of Germany and redistributed them to France, Great Britain, Belgium, and Japan; and, Germany lost all holdings in Africa.
    • War reparations 226 billion marks, reduced to 132 billion in 1920 (equal to £284 billion or $442 billion US in 2012) that would have paid out until 1988.
  • The Great Collapse - Depression.
  • Run away inflation.
  • French and Belgian troops occupy the Ruhr region in January 1923 as punishment for German's failure to pay reparations.
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13y ago

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