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The Australian forces were brought back fro the Middle East to join the rest of the forces in protecting Australia. They then fought ongoing campaigns to defend and regain Papua New Guinea from Japanese takeover. Navy and Air Force units were amalgamated with the American drive through the Philippines towards Japan.

The Americans did not want the complication of different command and logistics systems in the invasion force to Japan where protracted heavy fighting was anticipated, so an Australian army corps which had been earmarked to join in the capture of Japan was sidelined and put out to retaking British and Dutch colonial territories in the Indonesian archipelago, saving those colonial powers from this task at a significant cost to Australia in resources and casualties. Australia could have withdrawn from major fighting after it had regained Papua New Guinea, but it took on the task to remain as a significant player in the Allied war effort in order to become a major player in the post-war settlement and establish its influence in the Pacific region.

Australia led the Occupation Force provided by the British Commonwealth in Japan.

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