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There were three major "situations" for each side in the US Civil War in the Spring of 1863. Each side was hopeful that they could end the war as the casualties were mounting far above the numbers that only General Winfield Scott had predicted they would be in 1861.In the East the Union had the following situations:


1. Major General Joseph Hooke, now commanding the Army of the Potomac, was still demoralized by the the major defeat at Fredericksburg. He prepared to do battle with Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia;


2. In the West, Major General US Grant was regrouping after his luckless attempts to capture Vicksburg . His Army of the Tennessee was positioned on the west bank of the Mississippi River; and


3. In Tennessee, Major General Rosencrans' army occupied Murfreesboro after his victory over Confederate General Braxton Bragg. If Rosencrans could push Bragg's army south, it would open up a clear path into Georgia.


The situation for the Confederacy was to check and make counteroffensives against what was sure to be a major three pronged assault from the Northern armies.


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