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During the 16th century, the relationship between Spain and England was marked by both rivalry and occasional alliance. Initially, Spain and England were united through the marriage of Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon, but tensions grew as England broke from the Catholic Church and Spain became a leading Catholic power under Charles V. The rivalry intensified with England's support for Protestant causes and its privateering against Spanish trade. Ultimately, this culminated in conflict, most notably the failed Spanish Armada invasion of England in 1588.

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