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In January of 1865, Union General William T. Sherman issued what was to become a famous Field Order 19. The order came about after Sherman conferred with Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, and a group of Black ministers in Savannah Georgia. These men reached an agreement to divide abandoned and confiscated lands on the Sea Islands and a portion of the Low Country coast south of Charleston into forty acre plots for Black families. Sherman also suggested that US Army mules be loaned to these families to work the land. Later, Sherman would claim that this was "temporary war measure". This was too late as far as Freedmen were concerned as the war ended.In May of 1865, US President Andrew Johnson announced his Proclamation of Amnesty. This was a pardon of most Confederates and gave back to them any war confiscated land. This was opposed by Freedmen who armed themselves to prevent their new land from being taken away. They were, however, outnumbered and their fate seemed sealed.

Radical Republicans in Congress attempted to revive Sherman's orders in February of 1866. This was far too late and the former Confederates had already retaken their land as per the Amnesty Proclamation.

The proposal was defeated by a 3 to 1 margin in House of Representatives, killing the motion. Many Freedmen considered this a betrayal and were disappointed that the US government had backed down from their promises.

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