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Torture was used, but was not necessarily common. There were many countries, and many legal codes during the thousand years the Middle Ages lasted, and while some used torture, perhaps even most at one time or another, there were some places where torture would certainly have been very unusual practice to say the least.

The Church repeatedly banned torture, and the effect of certain papal bulls was that clergy were not permitted to take part in any legal proceedings that included torture. Nevertheless, there were certainly tortures used by clergy in inquisitions in some parts of Europe.

Torture was more common in some countries during certain periods of time. While Vlad the Impaler comes to mind as a well known practitioner, the Plantagenet kings of England are remembered for their use of it.

Two practices are particularly well known. One is the English execution of certain criminals who were hanged, drawn, and quartered. The hanging was done simply to give the criminal time to suffer the pain of a noose. He was supposed to be hanged in such a way that his neck would not break, and cut down before losing consciousness. He was then cut to pieces with some care to produce pain and humiliation. The pieces were then shipped to various places for public display. Guy Fawkes, when undergoing this, stepped off the platform with the noose around his neck so the fall would break his neck and he would not suffer the pains associated with the rest of the procedure. Guy Fawkes' commission of treason is probably the most notorious in the history of England.

The other practice was burning at the steak. The pain of this varied from one instance to another, with many people simply suffocating before they were burned, and other others being purposely made to suffer as much pain as possible.

Many tortures were committed secretly, and these were probably most commonly used to extract confessions. They probably included everything one might imagine.

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