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I believe that would be Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Treblinka. Dachau was the oldest but never did the (excuse me for using this term) volume that these three handled. Sobibor was closed after the successful escape. But do not forget that each of the main camps had feeder camps located near them. So even though there are several well known (or should I say infamous) camps, there were many more in the system that most people do not know about. When I visited Dachau, they had a display showing how this feeder system worked, and that was the first time I had ever heard of it.

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The largest camp was Auschwitz-Birkenau, established in 1940.

It's useful to distinguish between extermination (death) camps, which existed almost only for the purpose of killing, and other concentration camps.

The extermination camps were:

  • Auschwitz-Birkenau (part of the Birkenau section, but often just referred to as Auschwitz)
  • Majdanek (which was also the site of an 'ordinary' concentration camp)
  • Chelmno (aka as Kulmhof)
  • Treblinka
  • Belzec
  • Sobibor

All these camps were in Poland.

Maly Trostenets, in Berlarus, was also an extermination camp. Most of the other camps were 'ordinary' camps. The really large numbers were killed at the extermination (death) camps.

An 'ordinary' concentration camp - not talked about much in Western Europe - with a very high death toll was Stutthof, near Gdansk (Danzig) Poland. About 65,000 inmates persished there and at its various sub-camps. Bergen-Belsen had a death toll of about 50,000.

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