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It was not a culture which preserved Roman manuscripts. It was the Emperor Charlemagne who ordered monks around Europe to transcribe Roman manuscripts in the early 9th century. The Italian humanists of the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance travelled around the abbeys and monasteries of Europe to find Roman writings.

Greek writings and their knowledge were preserved in Greece in the Byzantine period. Few Latin translations of Greek works survived in the west and knowledge of the Greek language had waned. The Florentine humanist Coluccio Salutati invented the Byzantine scholar Manuel Chysoloras to Florence in 1397 to teach Greek to a select group of scholars. Interest in the Greeks increased after the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Greek scholars fled to Italy and taught Greek and Greek science and philosophy.

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