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Hungary during World War II was generally opportunistic and a reluctant member of the Axis powers.[1] In the 1930s Hungary relied on increased trade with Germany to pull itself out of the Great Depression. By 1938 Hungarian politics had shifted to the right and its foreign policy had become increasingly pro-German and pro-Italian. After a negotiated settlement regarding territorial disputes with Slovakia and under subsequent pressure from Germany, Hungary joined the Axis in 1940. Although initially hoping to avoid direct involvement in the war, Hungary's participation soon became inevitable and Hungarian forces followed Germany's invasion into the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa in 1941. While waging war against the Soviets, Hungary engaged in secret peace negotiations with the United States and Great Britain. Hitler discovered this betrayal and in 1944 German forces occupied Hungary. When Soviet forces began threatening Hungary, an armistice was signed between Hungary and Russia by Regent Miklós Horthy. Soon after, Horthy's son was kidnapped by German commandos and Horthy was forced to revoke the armistice and was then deposed from power. In 1945 Hungarian and German forces in Hungary were defeated by invading Soviet armies. Approximately 300,000 Hungarian soldiers and 80,000 civilians died during World War II and many cities were damaged, most notably the capital of Budapest. Most Jews in Hungary were protected from the Holocaust for the first few years of the war. However from 1944 onwards (mostly during German occupation) Jews and Roma were deported and over 200,000 exterminated in concentration camps.[2] Hungary's borders were returned to their pre-1938 status after its surrender.

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16y ago

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