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John Sanford won.
Dred Scott sued for his freedom. The US Supreme Court ruled 7-2 in defendant John Sanford's favor, returning Dred Scott and his family to slavery. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered the Opinion of the Court that held slaves, former slaves and descendants of slaves could never be US citizens.
More Information
Dred Scott, a slave, sued his owner for his freedom, based on the argument that while he and his wife were slaves, they had lived in states and territories where slavery was illegal according to the laws of those states and territories.
The US Supreme Court ruled 7 to 2 that no person of African ancestry, whether or not they were slaves, could claim citizenship in the United States, and therefore could not bring suit in federal court. It further ruled that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in the federal territories, and that slaves, as private property, could not be removed from their owners without due process.
The ruling significantly exacerbated tensions between northern and southern states, a situation which ultimately led to the Civil War. It was not rendered invalid until passage of the 13th Constitutional Amendment, 11 years later.
Scott was returned, as property, to his owner. The case had attracted widespread attention, and under intense pressure from abolitionists, the owner returned Scott to his original owners, the Blow family, who emancipated him under the terms of the Missouri Compromise.
Case Citation:
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 60 US 393 (1857)
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Abolitionism fueled a growing divide between the North and South over the issue of slavery, pushing the moral debate to the forefront. The Dred Scott decision of 1857, which denied citizenship and rights to enslaved people, further inflamed tensions and solidified opposition to slavery in the North. The election of 1860, in which Abraham Lincoln, a candidate opposed to the expansion of slavery, won without any Southern electoral votes, heightened Southern fears of losing their rights and led to secession. Together, these events created an inescapable conflict that ultimately sparked the Civil War.
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How did Dred Scott win the US Supreme Court case?
He was a slave whose owner had taken him to live in a free state for a time, before they returned to slave country. When his owner died, he was left, as property, to the dead man's family. Scott tried to sue for his freedom on the 'Once free, always free' principle, but was told he should have applied while he was living on free soil. He appealed against this judgment, but the local judges had never dealt with this kind of application before, and it ended up in the Supreme Court. This court, under the elderly Chief Justice, Roger Taney, delivered an astonishing verdict - that slavery was legal in every state of the Union, because the Founding Fathers had declared that a man's property (including his slaves) was sacred. This divided the nation even more deeply, and brought war closer.
Why did Dred Scott argue that he should be freed from slavery?
The very technical ruling in this case was that Dred Scott, a slave, was not a full citizen of the United States under the Constitution, therefore he did not have any right to access to the federal courts.
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What was the Dred Scott case and the Supreme Court's decision?
The US Supreme Court rendered its decision on the Dred Scott v Sandford, (1857) case on March 6, 1857, two days after President James Buchanan took office.Case Citation:Dred Scott v. Sanford, 60 US 393 (1857)
