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Because Palestine had been a British Mandate from 1918 to 1947. But after the second world war the British Mandate had become increasingly untenable with acts of terrorism by Jews committed against British workers including the terrible bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem by Jewish terrorists, which caused great anger back in the UK. So Britain withdrew from the Mandate.

The future of Palestine was then debated and voted on by the United Nations General Assembly in May 1948. Most countries in Europe including the Soviet Union and Soviet Bloc and all countries in America including the USA and Canada voted for Israel to become the State of Israel. But all Muslim states were opposed to this and because Britain had held the mandate the then British government under Prime Minister Attlee decided it had an obligation to be neutral. So the UK abstained in the UN vote and thus did not vote in support of giving Israel to the Jews.

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