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Judas Maccabeus led the Maccabees in their revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the Greeks primarily to defend Jewish religious freedom and restore the desecrated Second Temple. Antiochus had imposed Hellenistic practices and outlawed Judaism, prompting a strong desire among the Jews to reclaim their identity and autonomy. Judas, as a skilled military leader, united the Jewish people and orchestrated a series of successful guerrilla warfare campaigns against the better-equipped Greek forces. His leadership ultimately culminated in the rededication of the Temple, celebrated in the festival of Hanukkah.

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