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Originally, the Portuguese were interested in Africa as a means of gaining control over trade with India. For trade with India depended upon an overland route that was dominated by Muslim middlemen. And so Portuguese navigators and explorers ventured down the west coast of Africa in the hopes of finding a southeasterly route by water to India. The first known navigator to succeed in this seafaring endeavor was Bartolomeu Dias [c. 1450-May 29, 1500]. Dias led an expedition of 1487-1488 around the southermost point of the continent, off the coast of the modern Republic of South Africa.

Once the success of a sea route was established, the Portuguese needed rfueling and rest stops along the way. So they selected points where they set up trading posts, missionary bases, and military forts. Over time, permanent communities grew up in these sites. And more and more, the Portuguese valued the natural resources and the politico-economic possibilities that strategic places offered the growing Portuguese overseas empire.

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