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The name Third Reich refers to the state that succeeded the Holy Roman Empire of the Middle Ages and the German Empire of 1871-1918. In German, the state was known as the Deutsches Reich(German Reich) until 1943, when its official name became Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich).

Although empire is a very close translation of the word Reich, the two words are not perfect synonyms. An empire implies the existence of a monarchy, while a Reich does not have a monarchy. Since the words Reich and empire have slightly different definitions, historians decided to use the German word, rather than the imperfect English translation.

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