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Roman trade was so successful because the integration of the Roman provinces (conquered territories) into the vast Roman Empire and the two hundred years of relative political stability in the empire which historians have called the Pax Romana encouraged the development of extensive trade networks where the many areas of the empire traded with each other. Being under a uniform (imperial) administrative system and the use of the Roman currency throughout the empire was also helpful. The empire acted as a large trading union. The Romans also built infrastructure which helped trade.

Augustus was very active in promoting trade. He created a framework favourable to it and promoted an increase in agricultural and manufacturing production so that more goods could be traded. The clearest example was Egypt, which became the breadbasket of the empire. Privatization of ownership of land and workshops was promoted to increase production for trade. Canals in disrepair were repaired and new ones were built to increase irrigation and the amount of cultivable land. Taxation was lowered (under the previous regime of the Ptolemies it was too high). Greater monetisation also contributed to an increase in production and trade. The use of coins increased. The Roman currency also created an empire-wide means of exchange which helped the development of thriving trading networks throughout the empire. The building on new roads, bridges and ports also helped this. Trade promoted economic and cultural interchange between the peoples of the provinces, their integration into the imperial system and greater cultural homogeneity. Augustus also promoted trade beyond the empire. Egypt became the base for trade with Ethiopia and the seaborne trade with India via the Red Sea. Syria and Turkey were the endpoint of the Silk Road to China via Persia. The Persians acted as intermediaries for the trade along the Silk Road.

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Janelle Nader

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3y ago

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