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Ivan IV, known as Ivan the Terrible, earned this moniker due to his reputation for ruthlessness and brutality during his reign as the first Tsar of Russia. His rule was marked by violent purges, the establishment of a secret police, and the execution of perceived enemies, including members of the nobility. The term "terrible" in this context translates to "formidable" or "awe-inspiring," reflecting both his fearsome reputation and the harshness of his rule. Despite his tyrannical methods, Ivan IV also implemented significant reforms and expanded Russian territory.

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